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The Mohe (or Malgal, Mogher) were a Tungusic people in ancient Manchuria. They are sometimes considered the ancestors of the Jurchens, modern-day Manchus and other Tungusic peoples. According to some records, they originally dwelt near the Liao River and later migrated southward. They were involved in the ancient history of Korea: the records of the southern Korean Kingdoms of Baekje and Silla during the 1st century and 2nd century AD include numerous battles against the Mohe. Later, they became subject to the northern Korean kingdom of Goguryeo and its successor state, Balhae. The Mohe were divided into various tribes; among these were the Sumo Mohe, which were eventually conquered by the Goguryeo, and some other Mohe tribes, which were conquered by the Sui Dynasty of China. Many Mohe moved back toward their northern homeland in this period. The "Mohe" section of the "Beidi Zhuan" (北狄傳, Communications of the Northern "Di" Barbarians) of the "Jiu Tang Shu" (舊唐書, Old Book of Tang) states: "Their country is all (or "roughly") composed of some tens of 'bu' (roughly "tribes," but also just generally meaning "divisions"), each having a chief, some of whom are attached to the Goguryeo, and some of whom serve as common people (i.e., vassals) to the Tujue." The Mohe also participated in the kingdom of Balhae, 698-926. The founder of Balhae, Dae Jo-yeong was possibly a former Goguryeo general of Sumo Mohe stock, although the ''Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms'' (''Samguk Yusa'') written by Koreans several hundred years later states that he was of Goguryeo stock.〔Yi, U-song. "A Study of the Period of the Northern and Southern States". ''Korea Journal'', Vol.17, No.1, Jan., 1977.〕 Western historians have said Balhae was founded by a Mohe family, of "non-Korean ethnic origins". After the fall of Balhae, few historical traces of the Mohe can be found, though they are considered to be the main ethnic group that became the Jurchen. The name of the Mohe also appears as "Maka" in "Shin-Maka" (Japanese 新靺鞨, しんまか) or "New Mohe," the name of a dance and the musical piece that accompanies it, which was introduced to the Japanese court during the Nara Period or around the beginning of the Heian Period from the Balhae Kingdom. In modern Japanese historical texts, the name of the Mohe is annotated with the "kana" reading Makkatsu (まっかつ), which is probably a reading pronunciation based on the standard Sino-Japanese readings of the Chinese characters used to transcribe the ethnonym of the Mohe. The ethnonym of the Mohe bears a notable resemblance to that of the later historically attested *Motgit (in Middle Chinese. Chinese characters: 勿吉, pinyin: Mòjí, Korean: 물길 (), Japanese: もつきつ ()), as well as to that of the medieval Merkits, who opposed the rise of the Mongols led by Genghis Khan. One of the tribes of the Mohe, the Heishui Mohe, eventually became the ancestors of the Jurchens, from whom the Manchu originated.〔Huang, P.: "New Light on the origins of the Manchu," ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'', vol. 50, no.1 (1990): 239-82. Retrieved from JSTOR database July 18, 2006.〕 The Mohe enjoyed eating pork, practiced pig farming extensively, and were mainly sedentary,〔(Gorelova 2002 ), pp. 13-4.〕 and also used both pig and dog skins for coats. They were predominantly farmers and grew soybean, wheat, millet, and rice, in addition to engaging in hunting.〔(Gorelova 2002 ), p. 14.〕〔(Aisin Gioro & Jin ), p. 18.〕 ==Tribe name== The Chinese exonym ''Mohe'' 靺鞨 is a graphic pejorative written with ''mo'' 靺 "socks; stockings" and ''he'' 鞨 "shoes". Mo, Mal (靺) is adjective, has meaning like barbarian or Xiongnu, that name is just customary expression. He (鞨) is Gal, Gat in Middle Chinese, 'Gal' meaning is Stone by Mohe/Malgal, Jie/Gal language. hanja Shi (石) has meaning as Stone, thus Jie people ruler Shi Le (石勒) get surname Shi (石) from 'Gal' because Gal is Stone. by book of Jin sha (金史), Shi Tu Men (石土门) is prince of Jurchen people, first, surname Shi (石) from Jie people, connected to Mohe, Jurchen people. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohe people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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